Grafting
A sharp knife and steady hands.
A diagonal cut is made on the rootstock and a matching cut on the scion wood.
Then a small back cut on each surface to help hold the pieces together.
If done properly the scion slides onto the rootstock and the edges match.
The joint is wrapped with parafilm, the scion cut an inch or so above the joint and dipped in a wax mixture.
The waxed grafted stock is kept cool and moist while waiting to be planted.